Cardiovascular diseases claim nearly 18–20 million lives each year, making them the world’s leading cause of death, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Many heart conditions, such as blocked arteries, arrhythmias, or early heart failure, can progress silently for years, showing no symptoms until it is too late. Cardiologist Dr Dmitry Yaranov highlights the importance of specialised heart tests that go beyond routine check-ups. In a recent video, he shared five screenings that can detect hidden risks, guide timely treatment, and potentially save lives. Here is what experts recommend beyond the standard EKG and echocardiogram to keep your heart healthy.

5 essential heart tests to detect problems early

When it comes to protecting your heart, cardiologist Dr Dmitry Yaranov believes knowledge is power. In a recent video, he explained that many serious heart problems can remain undetected with basic check-ups alone. By incorporating a few targeted tests into your routine health assessment, you can catch early warning signs and take action before complications arise. Dr Yaranov highlights five lesser-known but highly effective screenings that can give doctors a clearer view of your cardiovascular health, helping prevent heart attacks, heart failure, and other life-threatening conditions. His advice emphasises proactive care as the key to living longer and healthier.

EKG (Electrocardiogram)

An EKG is a simple, quick, and completely painless test that records your heart’s electrical activity. Electrodes are placed on the skin to measure the timing and strength of heartbeats.An EKG can reveal irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), signs of a previous heart attack, and other electrical abnormalities that may otherwise go unnoticed. Since it’s risk-free, it is often recommended as part of a basic heart health screening, especially if you experience chest discomfort, palpitations, or unexplained fatigue.

Echocardiogram

Often called an “echo,” this is an ultrasound of the heart. It creates detailed moving images, allowing doctors to evaluate heart size, pumping strength, and valve function.An echocardiogram can detect heart failure, valve disorders, and structural problems. It’s a safe procedure, though in rare cases a contrast dye may be used, which carries a small risk of allergic reaction. It’s especially valuable if you’ve had symptoms like shortness of breath or swelling in your legs, which may signal reduced heart efficiency.

Stress Test

Also known as an exercise stress test, this involves walking or running on a treadmill while your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are monitored. Sometimes a medication is used instead of exercise to stimulate the heart. A stress test shows how your heart performs under physical exertion, helping identify blockages in the arteries that may not be visible at rest. While generally safe, there is a minimal risk of dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort, and in extremely rare cases, a heart attack. This test is often used for people who have symptoms that appear during activity.

Coronary Calcium Scan

This CT scan measures the amount of calcium buildup in the coronary arteries—a key indicator of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. The presence of calcium deposits suggests plaque buildup, which increases the risk of heart attack. This low-risk test involves minimal radiation exposure and can help predict future cardiovascular events, guiding lifestyle changes or medication decisions.

Cardiac Catheterisation (Angiogram)

In this invasive procedure, a thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the wrist or groin, and guided to the heart. A contrast dye is then injected, and X-ray images are taken to view blood flow and blockages. This is one of the most accurate ways to detect coronary artery disease. While generally safe, it does carry small risks, such as bleeding, infection, blood clots, or an allergic reaction to the dye. It’s usually recommended if other tests indicate significant blockages or if you’ve had symptoms of severe chest pain.

Why early heart tests can mean the difference between life and death

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 31% of all global fatalities, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The good news is that many of these deaths are preventable with timely detection and treatment. Heart health tests are not just diagnostic tools; they form a crucial part of preventive care, helping doctors identify problems early and intervene before they become life-threatening.If you are over 40, have a family history of heart disease, or possess risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or smoking, it is essential to discuss regular heart screenings with your doctor. Even in the absence of symptoms, these tests can provide an accurate assessment of your cardiovascular health and guide targeted lifestyle or medical interventions.While you cannot change unmodifiable factors like age or genetics, you can take charge of your health through informed choices. Adopting a balanced diet, staying physically active, managing stress, and quitting smoking, combined with periodic screenings, can drastically reduce your risk of heart disease. As experts emphasise, understanding your heart health today is a powerful step towards safeguarding your life tomorrow. In short, early testing can be the key to living longer and healthier.Also Read: 6 midlife health conditions that can raise dementia risk: Oxford study reveals